SESSION WATCH
Died SENATE · SESSION 2026

No. SB 1424

Voluntary Trial Resolution
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SPONSOR
Berman
FILED BY
Lori Berman — District 26, Democrat [search donations]
EFFECTIVE
7/1/2026
DIED IN
Judiciary

Filed under Legal.

PROVIDED SUMMARY

Voluntary Trial Resolution; Authorizing parties to civil cases, family law cases, or probate cases to, by written agreement or stipulation, agree to the appointment of a voluntary trial resolution judge, subject to certain exceptions; authorizing the parties to file such written agreement or stipulation with the clerk of the court any time after the action is filed and to file a joint motion requesting such appointment; requiring an appointed voluntary trial resolution judge to take and subscribe to a specified oath; requiring a voluntary trial resolution judge to adjudicate a case until a specified finality occurs in the case, etc.

Full bill text →

Plain English Summary

AI-GENERATED
Lets parties hire a private lawyer to judge their whole case.

Parties to a civil, family law, or probate case can agree in writing to appoint a private attorney as a 'voluntary trial resolution judge' who adjudicates every remaining issue in the case, largely replacing the assigned judge.

The parties pick and pay this judge directly under their own agreement. The regular presiding judge keeps only contempt power, authority over nonparties, and final say over enforcing judgments.

Proceedings must stay open to the public and follow the same evidence and procedural rules as ordinary court, and rulings can be appealed the same way a judge's rulings can.

The replacement text for the underlying section covers only trial resolution, with no trace of the current section's separate voluntary-binding-arbitration provisions, and a companion immunity-statute change is consistent with arbitration no longer living there at all.

KEY PROVISIONS
§ 1 Parties may appoint a private attorney to adjudicate the entire case majors. 44.104(2)(a)

AIParties to a civil, family law, or probate case can agree in writing to appoint an individual to serve as a voluntary trial resolution judge who takes over all remaining issues in the case, not just a single hearing or motion.

“agree to the appointment of an individual to serve as a voluntary trial resolution judge to adjudicate all of the remaining issues in the case” bill text, line 77 →
§ 2 Once appointed, the judge adjudicates the case through to final disposition majors. 44.104(2)(f)

AIThe appointed judge takes over the case from the point of appointment through trial, posttrial motions, attorney-fee requests, dismissal, or other final disposition, unless disqualified or recused.

“a voluntary trial resolution judge shall adjudicate the case until the case is finally determined by adjudication, including posttrial motions and requests for attorney fees” bill text, line 113 →
§ 3 Presiding judge keeps only contempt power, nonparty orders, and enforcement majors. 44.104(6)

AIThe regular presiding judge retains jurisdiction only to hold a party in contempt, to enter orders affecting anyone who is not a party to the case, and to enforce the eventual judgment. Every other judicial function shifts to the appointed judge.

“except for the disposition of a request that a party be held in contempt and the entry of an order with respect to any nonparty” bill text, line 170 →
§ 4 Parties select and pay the judge under their own agreement majors. 44.104(4)

AIThe parties themselves compensate the appointed judge on whatever terms they agree to in writing, rather than the judge being funded by the state, and the presiding judge can enforce those payment terms against the parties.

“A voluntary trial resolution judge shall be compensated by the parties in such amount, and subject to such terms and conditions” bill text, line 139 →
§ 5 Rewrite leaves no trace of voluntary binding arbitration in this chapter majors. 44.104

AIThe entire replacement text for s. 44.104 covers only voluntary trial resolution; none of the current section's arbitration-specific provisions (arbitrator qualifications, hearing conduct, record-only appeal of an arbitration award) appear in it or anywhere else in this act. A companion change to the immunity statute stops describing 'Arbitrators' as serving under s. 44.104 at all, tying that cross-reference to voluntary trial resolution judges instead, which is only consistent with arbitration no longer being governed by this section. Voluntary trial resolution judges are added to the same immunity list, covered by the same judicial immunity as a judge.

“voluntary trial resolution judges serving under s. 44.104”
§ 6 Rulings are appealable, but the presiding judge cannot intervene mid-case moderates. 44.104(10)

AIA party may appeal a nonfinal order or final judgment from the appointed judge the same way it would appeal the presiding judge's rulings, but cannot ask the presiding judge to review, modify, or overturn a ruling while the appointment lasts.

“A party may seek review of a nonfinal order or a final judgment rendered by a voluntary trial resolution judge” bill text, line 187 →
§ 7 Eligibility requires more than five years as a Florida Bar member moderates. 44.104(2)(b)

AIThe only stated qualification for serving as a voluntary trial resolution judge is having been a member of The Florida Bar in good standing for longer than 5 years.

“the individual selected by the parties must be a member of The Florida Bar in good standing for longer than 5 years.” bill text, line 83 →
§ 8 Proceedings must stay open to the public like ordinary court moderates. 44.104(9)

AIVoluntary trial resolution proceedings must be noticed and open to the public to the same extent as if they were held before the regular presiding judge, preserving public access despite the private appointment.

“Voluntary trial resolution proceedings shall be noticed and open to the public to the same extent as if such proceedings were before the presiding judge.” bill text, line 184 →
TIMELINE
3/13/2026
Died in Judiciary
1/22/2026
Introduced
1/16/2026
Referred to Judiciary; Appropriations Committee on Criminal and...
1/8/2026
Filed
STATUTES IT CHANGES
s. 44.104
+1262 / −0
s. 44.107
+11 / −1