SESSION WATCH
Died HOUSE · SESSION 2026

No. HB 597

Special Elections
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SPONSOR
Gottlieb
FILED BY
Michael Gottlieb — District 102, Democrat [search donations]
EFFECTIVE
7/1/2026
DIED IN
Government Operations Subcommittee

Filed under Elections.

PROVIDED SUMMARY

Special Elections; Revises timeframe during which vacancy must be filled by candidates qualifying within timeframes provided by general law; requires Governor to call special primary election & special election under certain circumstance; requires Governor to fix dates of special election after vacancy occurs; requires Governor to consult with Secretary of State & supervisor of elections before setting special election dates; authorizes qualified electors to file petition in circuit court seeking judicial determination of election date under specified conditions; provides that court has authority to fix & declare dates for special election; removes authority of Governor, President of Senate, & Speaker of House of Representatives to waive specified timeframes if all parties concur; requires Governor to fix dates to coincide with already scheduled election; requires that special elections to fill certain vacancies be held no later than election for which resigning officer seeks to qualify; provides that certain persons are deemed elected; requires Governor to consult with certain supervisors of election, in addition to Secretary of State, before declaring date of special election; requires that such order be issued within specified timeframe after occurrence of vacancy.

Full bill text →

Plain English Summary

AI-GENERATED
Sets a hard, court-enforceable 126-day deadline for special elections.

The Legislature loses its old escape valve: the Governor, Senate President, and House Speaker can no longer jointly waive the minimum time limits for a special election just because the Legislature happens to be in session.

New deadlines take their place. A special election must generally happen within 126 days of a vacancy, stretching to 175 only if a supervisor certifies a scheduling conflict. Legislative vacancies near session get just 5 days to set dates.

If the Governor misses a deadline, any voter in the district can now ask a circuit court to set the dates instead, and the court must move quickly. Unopposed candidates can be declared elected without a further vote.

The minimum gap between a special primary and the special election quadruples from two weeks to eight, capped at twelve, and the Governor's chosen dates must now be the earliest ones feasible, not just any fixed date.

KEY PROVISIONS
§ 1 Repeals joint power to waive special-election timing deadlines majors. 100.111(2)

AIThe Governor, Senate President, and House Speaker can no longer jointly agree to waive the minimum time limits for a special election just because the Legislature is in regular session.

“may be waived upon concurrence of the Governor, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the President of the Senate” bill text, line 125 →
§ 2 Special election must be held within 126 days of a vacancy majors. 100.111(2)(b)

AIA special election to fill a vacancy must generally be held no later than 126 days after the vacancy occurs, replacing what had been an open-ended timetable for this step.

“The special election must be held no later than 126 days after the vacancy occurs” bill text, line 114 →
§ 3 Voters can sue in circuit court if the Governor misses a deadline majors. 100.111(2)(a)

AIIf the Governor fails to set special-election dates in time, any qualified elector in the affected district may petition a circuit court, which must set the dates itself and expedite the case.

“any qualified elector residing within the affected district may file a petition in the circuit court having jurisdiction” bill text, line 100 →
§ 4 Governor must call a special primary, no longer just a choice majors. 100.111(1)(c)

AIWhen timing does not allow party nominations through the regular primary, the Governor is now required, not merely permitted, to call a special primary election to select party nominees.

“the Governor must call a special primary election to select party nominees for the unexpired portion of such term”
§ 5 Minimum gap between special elections quadruples to 8 weeks majors. 100.111(2)

AIThe required spacing between a special primary election and the special election itself rises from a 2-week minimum to an 8-week minimum, with a new 12-week cap on how far apart they can be.

“provide a minimum of 8 weeks between each election, but no more than 12 weeks”
§ 6 Legislative vacancies near session get a 5-day, fast-track deadline majors. 100.111(2)

AIIf a state senator or House seat becomes vacant less than 126 days before the regular session starts, the Governor has only 5 days to set election dates, and both elections must finish before session begins.

“the Governor must, within 5 days after the occurrence of the vacancy, fix the dates of a special primary election” bill text, line 90 →
§ 7 Unopposed candidates can be deemed elected without a vote moderates. 100.111(2)(i)

AIA candidate who is the only one to qualify for a special election, or who wins a special primary unopposed in the general special election, is deemed elected without that election being held.

“If only one candidate qualifies in a special election, he or she is deemed elected on the last day of the qualifying period” bill text, line 179 →
§ 8 Governor must consult the local supervisor of elections, not just the state moderates. 100.111(2)(a)

AIBefore setting special-election dates, the Governor must now consult with both the Secretary of State and the supervisor of elections for the county where the election will occur.

“the Governor shall consult with the Secretary of State and the supervisor of elections” bill text, line 80 →
TIMELINE
3/13/2026
Died in Government Operations Subcommittee
1/13/2026
1st Reading (Original Filed Version)
12/12/2025
Now in Government Operations Subcommittee
12/12/2025
Referred to State Affairs Committee
12/12/2025
Referred to Civil Justice & Claims Subcommittee
12/12/2025
Referred to Government Operations Subcommittee
12/2/2025
Filed
1 EARLIER →
STATUTES IT CHANGES
s. 100.111
+509 / −95
s. 100.141
+51 / −0